The gastrointestinal tract has a myriad of functions, such as digestion, absorption and excretion, as well as the synthesis of an array of hormones, growth factors and cytokines. Historically, radiological techniques were required to image areas of jejunum and ileum inaccessible to the standard endoscope; however, the introduction of both capsule endoscopy and single-/double-balloon enteroscopy allows both diagnostic and therapeutic access to the entire gastrointestinal tract. A well-designed endoscopy unit staffed by trained endoscopy nurses and dedicated administrative staff is essential to support good endoscopic practice and training. The majority of endoscopies can be performed safely without the need for routine antibiotic prophylaxis. Diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is a safe procedure with minimal morbidity as long as appropriate patient selection and safe sedation practices are embedded in the unit’s policy.
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